This curriculum reflects the scope typically addressed across a full consulting engagement or multi-phase internal transformation initiative.
Strategic Cloud Adoption and Business Alignment
- Conduct cost-benefit analyses comparing on-premises, hybrid, and full-cloud architectures under variable demand scenarios.
- Evaluate business continuity requirements against cloud provider SLAs to determine acceptable risk exposure.
- Map regulatory obligations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA) to AWS service capabilities and deployment configurations.
- Assess total cost of ownership (TCO) across multi-year horizons, factoring in migration, training, and operational overhead.
- Define cloud adoption milestones aligned with business transformation KPIs, including time-to-market and innovation velocity.
- Negotiate service-level agreements with internal stakeholders based on AWS service reliability metrics and failover capabilities.
- Identify shadow IT risks and establish governance thresholds for sanctioned vs. unsanctioned cloud usage.
- Develop exit strategies for cloud vendor lock-in, including data portability and contract termination clauses.
Cloud Financial Management and Cost Governance
- Implement tagging strategies to enforce cost accountability across departments, projects, and environments.
- Compare Reserved Instances, Savings Plans, and Spot Instances based on workload predictability and risk tolerance.
- Design chargeback and showback models using AWS Cost Explorer, CUR, and third-party tools.
- Establish budget thresholds and automated alerts using AWS Budgets with escalation protocols.
- Optimize storage tiers by analyzing access patterns and lifecycle policies across S3, EBS, and Glacier.
- Conduct monthly cost anomaly reviews using AWS Cost and Usage Report (CUR) data.
- Model cost implications of architectural decisions, such as data transfer between Availability Zones.
- Enforce cost controls via SCPs (Service Control Policies) in AWS Organizations to restrict high-cost service usage.
Secure Identity and Access Governance
- Design least-privilege IAM policies using AWS Access Analyzer and policy simulation tools.
- Implement centralized identity federation using AWS SSO and external identity providers (e.g., Azure AD, Okta).
- Enforce MFA requirements across root, IAM users, and federated roles with conditional access rules.
- Conduct quarterly access reviews using IAM Access Advisor and permission boundaries.
- Establish role chaining policies with cross-account access and session duration constraints.
- Integrate IAM with SIEM systems for real-time anomaly detection on privilege escalation attempts.
- Define break-glass access procedures with audit logging and time-bound emergency roles.
- Assess third-party application access to AWS resources using IAM role trust policies and external ID requirements.
Network Architecture and Connectivity Strategy
- Design VPC architectures with subnets, route tables, and security zones aligned with application tiers.
- Compare Direct Connect, VPN, and hybrid connectivity options based on latency, cost, and redundancy needs.
- Implement DNS strategy using Route 53 with failover, latency-based, and geolocation routing policies.
- Configure AWS Transit Gateway for multi-VPC and on-premises connectivity at scale.
- Enforce network segmentation using Security Groups, NACLs, and AWS Network Firewall.
- Evaluate IPv4 exhaustion risks and plan for IPv6 migration in VPC design.
- Optimize data transfer costs between regions and services using endpoint policies and gateway routes.
- Monitor network performance using VPC Flow Logs, CloudWatch Metrics, and third-party APM tools.
Data Resilience and Operational Continuity
- Define RPO and RTO targets and map them to AWS backup strategies using AWS Backup and lifecycle policies.
- Implement cross-region replication for critical databases using RDS, DynamoDB Global Tables, or S3.
- Test disaster recovery runbooks using AWS Fault Injection Simulator and automated recovery scripts.
- Configure automated snapshot schedules with retention and compliance tagging.
- Evaluate durability and availability trade-offs between S3 Standard, One Zone-IA, and Glacier.
- Validate backup integrity through periodic restore testing and checksum validation.
- Design immutable backups using S3 Object Lock to protect against ransomware and accidental deletion.
- Integrate backup operations with incident response workflows for coordinated recovery execution.
Application Scalability and Performance Engineering
- Size EC2 instances based on CPU, memory, and I/O benchmarks using AWS Compute Optimizer.
- Implement auto-scaling policies using CloudWatch metrics and predictive scaling models.
- Optimize application performance using Elastic Load Balancing with health checks and target groups.
- Design stateless architectures to support horizontal scaling and session persistence requirements.
- Integrate caching layers using ElastiCache (Redis/Memcached) with cache invalidation strategies.
- Profile microservices latency and throughput using AWS X-Ray and distributed tracing.
- Conduct load testing using AWS Device Farm or third-party tools to validate scaling thresholds.
- Balance cost and performance in containerized workloads using ECS and EKS placement constraints.
DevOps Automation and CI/CD Governance
- Design pipeline security using IAM roles, artifact signing, and approval stages in AWS CodePipeline.
- Enforce infrastructure-as-code (IaC) standards using AWS CloudFormation or Terraform with policy validation.
- Implement drift detection and remediation for production environments using automated checks.
- Integrate security scanning into CI/CD pipelines using AWS Inspector and third-party SAST/DAST tools.
- Manage multi-environment deployments using parameterized templates and stage-specific configurations.
- Track deployment success rates, rollback frequency, and mean time to recovery (MTTR) as operational metrics.
- Establish change advisory board (CAB) workflows for high-risk production deployments.
- Version control and audit all infrastructure changes using AWS Config and CloudTrail integration.
Security Posture and Threat Management
- Configure AWS Security Hub to aggregate findings from GuardDuty, Inspector, and third-party tools.
- Define incident response playbooks for common threats: crypto-mining, data exfiltration, and DDoS.
- Implement automated remediation using AWS Systems Manager Automation and Lambda functions.
- Conduct penetration testing authorization and scope definition in compliance with AWS policies.
- Monitor for unauthorized API calls using CloudTrail log integrity validation and anomaly detection.
- Enforce encryption at rest and in transit using KMS key policies and envelope encryption patterns.
- Assess third-party SaaS integrations for excessive permissions and data access risks.
- Perform quarterly security posture reviews using AWS Foundational Security Best Practices standard.
Compliance, Audit, and Regulatory Alignment
- Map AWS Well-Architected Framework pillars to internal audit control requirements.
- Prepare for external audits using AWS Artifact reports (SOC, PCI, ISO) and evidence collection workflows.
- Configure AWS Config rules to enforce compliance with organizational and regulatory policies.
- Generate audit trails using CloudTrail with log file validation and external storage in immutable buckets.
- Classify data assets by sensitivity and apply AWS resource policies accordingly.
- Implement data residency controls using AWS Organizations and service control policies.
- Conduct gap analyses between current state and compliance frameworks (e.g., NIST, HIPAA, CCPA).
- Design data subject request (DSR) fulfillment processes leveraging AWS data access and deletion tools.
Cloud Operations and Observability
- Define SLOs and error budgets using CloudWatch Synthetics and real-user monitoring data.
- Centralize logs using Amazon CloudWatch Logs and Kinesis Data Firehose with partitioned storage.
- Configure anomaly detection on key metrics using CloudWatch Machine Learning-based alarms.
- Establish runbook automation for common incidents using Systems Manager OpsCenter.
- Design dashboard hierarchies for technical teams, operations managers, and executive stakeholders.
- Integrate AWS Health events into incident management systems for proactive response.
- Optimize log retention and querying costs using partitioning, sampling, and export policies.
- Measure operational toil and automate repetitive tasks using CloudWatch Events and Lambda.