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Information Processing in ISO 27001

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This curriculum spans the design and operationalization of information security controls across classification, access, transfer, retention, and third-party management, equivalent in scope to a multi-workshop program for implementing ISO 27001’s information processing requirements within a regulated enterprise.

Module 1: Defining Information Classification Frameworks

  • Selecting classification labels (e.g., Public, Internal, Confidential, Restricted) based on legal obligations and business impact.
  • Assigning ownership of classification criteria to data stewards within business units.
  • Mapping classification levels to data handling requirements such as encryption, access controls, and retention.
  • Integrating classification policies with existing document management systems and email platforms.
  • Establishing procedures for reclassification or declassification of information over time.
  • Enforcing classification at point of creation through mandatory metadata fields in content management tools.
  • Aligning classification schema with regulatory frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, or CCPA.
  • Designing exception processes for temporary overrides with documented justification and approval trails.

Module 2: Implementing Access Control for Information Assets

  • Defining role-based access control (RBAC) structures aligned with organizational job functions.
  • Conducting access reviews for privileged accounts on a quarterly basis with documented outcomes.
  • Integrating access provisioning workflows with HR offboarding and onboarding systems.
  • Enforcing least privilege by analyzing current access rights and removing excessive permissions.
  • Configuring multi-factor authentication for systems containing sensitive information.
  • Implementing just-in-time access for third-party vendors with time-bound permissions.
  • Logging and monitoring access to high-value information assets using SIEM integration.
  • Establishing break-glass access procedures with audit trail requirements and post-use review.

Module 3: Securing Information Transfer Mechanisms

  • Prohibiting unapproved cloud file-sharing services and enforcing use of enterprise-approved encrypted platforms.
  • Configuring DLP policies to detect and block unauthorized transmission of classified data.
  • Requiring encryption for all external email containing Confidential or higher classification.
  • Validating secure file transfer protocols (SFTP, AS2) for B2B data exchanges with trading partners.
  • Implementing watermarking or tracking for sensitive documents shared externally.
  • Establishing secure printing zones with authentication requirements for document release.
  • Enforcing TLS 1.2+ for all web-based data transfer endpoints.
  • Defining acceptable use of removable media with encryption and pre-authorization requirements.

Module 4: Managing Information Retention and Disposal

  • Developing retention schedules based on legal, regulatory, and operational requirements.
  • Mapping data types to specific retention periods and disposal methods (e.g., shredding, wiping).
  • Integrating retention rules into email archiving and backup systems.
  • Validating secure deletion techniques for storage media prior to disposal or reuse.
  • Documenting chain of custody for physical records during disposal.
  • Automating disposition workflows with approval steps and audit logging.
  • Conducting periodic audits to verify compliance with retention policies.
  • Handling legal holds by suspending automated deletion for specific datasets.

Module 5: Embedding Governance into System Development Life Cycles

  • Requiring security and classification requirements in project initiation documentation.
  • Conducting threat modeling during design phase for new applications processing sensitive data.
  • Enforcing code review checklists that include data handling and encryption standards.
  • Integrating static and dynamic application security testing (SAST/DAST) into CI/CD pipelines.
  • Validating data flow diagrams against approved architecture patterns.
  • Requiring data protection impact assessments (DPIAs) for high-risk processing activities.
  • Ensuring logging and monitoring capabilities are implemented before production deployment.
  • Documenting data residency constraints and applying geo-fencing in cloud deployments.

Module 6: Operationalizing Data Leakage Prevention

  • Defining DLP policy rules based on content, context, and user behavior patterns.
  • Deploying network-based DLP sensors at internet gateways and internal segmentation points.
  • Configuring endpoint DLP agents to monitor clipboard, printing, and USB activity.
  • Tuning false positive rates by analyzing alert logs and refining detection signatures.
  • Integrating DLP alerts with incident response workflows and ticketing systems.
  • Responding to policy violations with automated actions (quarantine, block, notify).
  • Conducting user awareness campaigns following repeated policy breaches.
  • Performing regular DLP rule reviews to reflect changes in data classification or business processes.

Module 7: Governing Third-Party Information Processing

  • Requiring contractual clauses that mandate ISO 27001 compliance or equivalent controls.
  • Conducting security assessments of third parties prior to onboarding.
  • Defining acceptable data processing locations and prohibiting unauthorized subcontracting.
  • Requiring encryption of data both in transit and at rest when held by vendors.
  • Establishing audit rights and defining procedures for third-party security reviews.
  • Monitoring third-party access to internal systems through privileged access management tools.
  • Requiring incident notification timelines and coordination procedures in service agreements.
  • Classifying third parties by risk level and applying differentiated control requirements.

Module 8: Monitoring and Auditing Information Handling Practices

  • Deploying centralized logging for systems that store or process classified information.
  • Defining log retention periods aligned with incident investigation and legal requirements.
  • Creating automated alerts for anomalous access patterns (e.g., off-hours access, bulk downloads).
  • Conducting regular log reviews for privileged accounts with documented findings.
  • Using UEBA tools to baseline normal user behavior and detect deviations.
  • Generating audit-ready reports for internal and external compliance assessments.
  • Ensuring logs are tamper-proof through write-once storage or cryptographic hashing.
  • Mapping audit findings to specific ISO 27001 control objectives for remediation tracking.

Module 9: Aligning Information Processing with Business Continuity

  • Classifying information assets by criticality to determine recovery time objectives (RTO).
  • Ensuring backup copies of critical data are stored offsite and encrypted.
  • Testing restoration of classified data sets during disaster recovery exercises.
  • Validating that backup media is subject to the same disposal controls as primary data.
  • Documenting data synchronization requirements between primary and secondary sites.
  • Ensuring access controls are replicated in backup environments to prevent unauthorized access.
  • Reviewing backup logs for completeness and integrity on a monthly basis.
  • Coordinating data recovery priorities with business unit leaders during incident response.

Module 10: Maintaining ISO 27001 Compliance Through Continuous Improvement

  • Conducting internal audits of information processing controls on an annual cycle.
  • Tracking non-conformities and implementing corrective actions with root cause analysis.
  • Updating Statement of Applicability (SoA) based on changes in business or threat landscape.
  • Reviewing risk treatment plans quarterly to ensure ongoing relevance.
  • Integrating management review inputs from incident reports, audit findings, and performance metrics.
  • Adjusting control effectiveness measures based on operational data and feedback loops.
  • Reassessing asset inventories and ownership assignments during organizational changes.
  • Documenting changes to information processing policies and communicating updates to stakeholders.