Mastering ISO 26262 Functional Safety for Autonomous Vehicles
Every day, autonomous vehicle innovation accelerates, but so do the risks. One misstep in functional safety design can trigger regulatory rejection, project delays, or worse, real-world harm. You’re under pressure to deliver systems that are not just smart-but absolutely safe, predictably compliant, and engineered to survive real-world complexity. Confusion around ISO 26262 interpretation, hazard analysis integration, and ASIL decomposition slows progress and erodes confidence. You need clarity, not theory. You need actionable mastery, not vague standards. Enter Mastering ISO 26262 Functional Safety for Autonomous Vehicles-a precision-engineered course that transforms uncertainty into authority. This is not a passive overview. It’s a structured mastery path that takes you from overwhelmed to board-ready in under 30 days, with a complete safety architecture framework you can present, defend, and implement. Take it from Akira T., Senior Systems Engineer at a leading EV OEM: “I used the HARA and FSR templates from this course to rebuild our Level 4 autonomy safety case. We passed the Tier 1 auditor review on the first try-something we hadn’t done in two years.” That kind of confidence wasn’t accidental. It was engineered. Here’s how this course is structured to help you get there.COURSE FORMAT & DELIVERY DETAILS Learn at Your Own Pace, With Full Flexibility and Zero Risk
This course is 100% self-paced, with on-demand online access from anywhere in the world. No fixed start dates, no time commitments, no deadlines. You progress when it fits your schedule-whether that’s 30 minutes during lunch or a deep dive on the weekend. Most learners complete the core curriculum in 25 to 30 hours, with many implementing key deliverables-like safety goals, technical requirements, and FMEDA-ready documentation-within the first 10 hours. Lifetime Access, Future Updates, and 24/7 Availability
The moment you enroll, you gain lifetime access to the full course content, including all future revisions and updates at no additional cost. As ISO 26262 evolves, your knowledge stays current-automatically. The platform is fully mobile-friendly, supporting secure access across laptops, tablets, and smartphones. Whether you’re reviewing safety requirement traceability on a train or refining your FTA logic before a safety review, your materials are always with you. Expert Support and Certification with Global Recognition
You’re not alone. Throughout the course, you receive direct instructor support through structured guidance pathways and curated reference responses to common implementation challenges. This isn’t a forum of unfiltered replies-it’s targeted, role-specific assistance built for engineers who need clarity, not noise. Upon successful completion, you earn a Certificate of Completion issued by The Art of Service. This credential is globally recognised by automotive OEMs, Tier 1 suppliers, and regulatory consultants. It signals that you don’t just know ISO 26262-you can apply it with rigour and precision. No Hidden Fees, Trusted Payment Options, and a Risk-Free Guarantee
Pricing is straightforward with no recurring charges, upsells, or hidden fees. One payment grants you complete access-and full ownership-of all materials. We accept all major payment methods including Visa, Mastercard, and PayPal, processed securely with bank-level encryption. Still hesitant? We make it zero-risk. If you complete the first three modules and don’t feel you’ve gained a tangible advantage in clarity, speed, or control over your safety workflows, simply request a full refund. No questions asked. That’s our Satisfied or Refunded Guarantee. This Works Even If…
- You’ve read ISO 26262 before but still struggle to apply it to real autonomy systems
- Your team is mixing functional safety with AI-driven perception and you’re unsure how to assign ASILs
- You’re transitioning from conventional automotive to autonomous platforms and need to close knowledge gaps fast
- You’ve been burned by courses that promise depth but deliver only slides and definitions
This course works because it’s built for doers-not spectators. After enrollment, you’ll receive an automated confirmation email. Your course access details will be sent separately once your registration is fully processed and the materials are prepared for optimal delivery.
Extensive and Detailed Course Curriculum
Module 1: Foundations of Functional Safety in Autonomous Systems - Introduction to ISO 26262 and its relevance to autonomous vehicles
- Understanding the purpose, scope, and boundaries of ISO 26262
- Differentiating between conventional automotive and autonomous vehicle safety needs
- Key terms and definitions: functional safety, hazard, risk, ASIL, E/E systems
- Structure and organisation of ISO 26262 editions and parts
- The safety lifecycle: concept phase through decommissioning
- Role of functional safety management in project leadership
- Safety culture and organisational responsibility in high-assurance engineering
- Differences between active and passive safety systems in autonomy
- Functional safety in the context of SOTIF (ISO 21448)
- Interactions between ISO 26262, AUTOSAR, and cybersecurity (ISO 21434)
- Overview of autonomy levels (SAE J3016) and their safety implications
- Core concepts: redundancy, fail-operational, fail-safe, graceful degradation
- Understanding safety objectives and safety goals at system level
- Introduction to functional safety assessment and audit readiness
Module 2: Concept Phase and Hazard Analysis - Defining the item definition: scope, interfaces, operational context
- Creating a precise system boundary for autonomy functions
- Identifying operational domains and edge cases for AV safety
- Performing hazard identification using brainstorming and checklists
- Applying STPA (System-Theoretic Process Analysis) to AV scenarios
- Conducting hazard and risk assessment (HARA) step-by-step
- Understanding exposure, controllability, and severity parameters
- Applying ASIL determination logic with real-world examples
- Handling residual risk and fallback states in ASIL assignment
- Dealing with multi-point faults and common cause failures
- Distinguishing between ASIL decomposition and its limitations
- Documenting HARA outputs with traceability to future stages
- Using hazard graphs and fault propagation models
- Aligning HARA with operational design domain (ODD) definitions
- Managing dynamic risk scenarios in urban and highway environments
- Integrating pedestrian and cyclist safety into risk assessment
- Handling sensor degradation modes in hazard analysis
- Addressing sensor fusion failures and calibration drift
- Defining safety state transitions for autonomy functions
- Establishing functional safety concepts with clear performance goals
Module 3: Functional Safety Requirements (FSRs) and Allocation - Deriving functional safety requirements from safety goals
- Writing unambiguous, verifiable, and testable FSRs
- Mapping FSRs to vehicle-level functions (e.g., steering, braking, perception)
- Allocating FSRs across system components and domains
- Applying top-down safety requirement decomposition
- Ensuring safety requirement safety integrity (SRSI) compliance
- Managing distributed FSRs across suppliers and OEMs
- Handling bidirectional and cross-functional safety interactions
- Using requirement management tools (e.g., DOORS, Jama, Polarion) for traceability
- Ensuring full traceability from hazard to FSR to technical safety requirement
- Creating and maintaining a safety requirements specification document
- Integrating formal methods and model-based safety engineering
- Using functional safety budgets for requirement prioritisation
- Managing requirement changes and impact analysis
- Establishing approval workflows for functional safety requirements
- Validating FSR completeness against operational scenarios
- Ensuring FSR compliance with system architecture constraints
- Documenting rationale for each FSR to support audits
- Handling software-only safety functions in requirement allocation
- Dealing with AI-based decision-making in non-deterministic systems
Module 4: Technical Safety Requirements and System Design - Transforming FSRs into technical safety requirements (TSRs)
- Incorporating hardware and software constraints into TSRs
- Designing fail-operational and fail-safe architectures
- Defining safety mechanisms at electronic and system level
- Integrating watchdogs, error detection, and self-diagnostic routines
- Engineering redundancy: active, passive, and hybrid approaches
- Implementing diverse redundancy for voting systems
- Designing fault-tolerant communication networks (e.g., CAN FD, Ethernet)
- Specifying safe states for ECU, actuator, and sensor failures
- Ensuring time and state consistency in safety-critical operations
- Handling transient and intermittent faults in AV systems
- Using hardware metrics: single-point fault metric (SPFM), latent fault metric (LFM)
- Calculating and achieving target metrics for ASIL D systems
- Integrating safety mechanisms into ECU power and clock management
- Designing memory protection and error correction (ECC, parity)
- Implementing safe reset and boot-up sequences
- Modelling system-level fault trees for technical validation
- Applying architectural design patterns for modularity and safety
- Ensuring TSR traceability to software and hardware components
- Documenting technical safety concepts for external review
Module 5: Software-Level Functional Safety - Software safety requirements and decomposition strategies
- Mapping technical safety requirements to software units
- Using MISRA C, JSF AV, and AUTOSAR C++ guidelines
- Applying coding standards to prevent runtime errors
- Designing safe state machines and mode management logic
- Handling concurrency, race conditions, and real-time constraints
- Implementing software safety mechanisms: CRC checks, plausibility monitoring
- Integrating runtime environment and OS-level safety services
- Software partitioning and isolation (e.g., using Hypervisors)
- Managing shared resources and memory access safely
- Designing watchdogs and software liveness monitoring
- Implementing software fault trees and fault injection testing
- Ensuring temporal and spatial separation in multi-core systems
- Creating software safety plans and verification strategies
- Using model-based software development with Simulink and Stateflow
- Validating software against absence of systematic faults
- Managing compiler and toolchain qualifications
- Performing software integration testing with safety focus
- Documenting software architectural design for safety compliance
- Establishing software change control and versioning
Module 6: Hardware-Level Functional Safety - Hardware safety requirements and probabilistic metrics
- Calculating FIT rates and failure probabilities
- Understanding random hardware failures and their impact
- FMEDA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis) process
- Constructing FMEDA templates for ECUs and sensors
- Estimating diagnostic coverage for safety mechanisms
- Selecting components with appropriate quality and reliability
- Using vendor datasheets and reliability reports in FMEDA
- Integrating temperature, aging, and environmental factors
- Designing for robustness: derating, layout, and signal integrity
- Handling component obsolescence and supply chain risks
- Ensuring hardware-software co-design for safety
- Validating hardware designs against SPFM, LFM, and PMHF goals
- Performing hardware architectural metrics analysis
- Testing hardware designs using simulation and prototyping
- Designing for testability and in-field diagnostics
- Integrating HCU (Hardware Control Unit) safety monitors
- Managing external hardware modifications and retrofits
- Demonstrating proof of absence of systematic faults in HW
- Working with independent assessor expectations for hardware
Module 7: Verification, Validation, and Confirmation - Differentiating verification, validation, and confirmation
- Building a comprehensive safety verification plan
- Creating test cases from functional and technical safety requirements
- Integrating simulation environments (e.g., SIL, HIL, VIL) for AV testing
- Using scenario-based testing for edge case validation
- Validating safety goals under degraded sensor conditions
- Testing fault injection at system, software, and hardware levels
- Performing robustness and stress testing
- Measuring effectiveness of safety mechanisms through test coverage
- Ensuring requirement coverage, statement coverage, and MC/DC
- Applying mutation testing for software fault detection
- Using tool qualification for verification tools
- Managing test documentation and traceability to standards
- Conducting independence reviews and safety audits
- Preparing for external assessment and certification
- Developing confirmation measures for real-world deployment
- Using real-world driving data to refine safety validation
- Integrating over-the-air (OTA) updates into validation scope
- Ensuring regression testing after safety modifications
- Documenting final safety confirmation report
Module 8: Functional Safety Management and Organisational Processes - Establishing a functional safety management plan
- Defining roles: Safety Manager, Safety Engineer, Safety Assessor
- Setting up safety review checkpoints and milestone gates
- Managing supplier safety responsibilities and interface agreements
- Conducting safety audits and process assessments
- Documenting safety lifecycle activities and decisions
- Managing safety change requests and impact analysis
- Ensuring compliance with ISO 26262 Part 2: Management
- Integrating safety into project planning and resource allocation
- Handling safety-critical tool qualification (e.g., modeling, testing tools)
- Managing configuration and change control for safety items
- Establishing independence in safety verification and validation
- Conducting safety analyses with cross-functional teams
- Managing safety documentation for version control and archiving
- Training teams on functional safety roles and responsibilities
- Developing safety culture through leadership and accountability
- Reporting safety metrics to stakeholders and executives
- Preparing for external audits by certification bodies
- Using safety management tools and PLM integration
- Creating audit-ready safety case dossiers
Module 9: Safety in AI, Machine Learning, and Perception Systems - Challenges of applying ISO 26262 to AI-driven functions
- Understanding non-deterministic behaviour in neural networks
- Defining operational limits and fallback mechanisms for AI
- Integrating SOTIF analysis with functional safety workflows
- Using ODD (Operational Design Domain) to bound AI safety scope
- Creating safe perception pipelines with redundancy and diversity
- Validating object detection, classification, and tracking under stress
- Handling sensor failures and environmental conditions (fog, rain, snow)
- Designing plausibility checks for AI outputs
- Using synthetic data and simulation to expand test coverage
- Implementing anomaly detection and uncertainty estimation
- Monitoring model drift and performance degradation over time
- Ensuring OTA updates do not compromise safety integrity
- Integrating human-in-the-loop strategies for AI oversight
- Documenting AI safety justifications for regulatory review
- Combining probabilistic reasoning with rule-based safety logic
- Ensuring deterministic safety outcomes despite AI uncertainty
- Assigning ASILs to software components influenced by AI decisions
- Leveraging interpretability and explainability tools for safety
- Establishing safety envelopes for AI-based planning and control
Module 10: Integration of Safety in Autonomous Vehicle Architectures - Designing end-to-end functional safety for L3+ systems
- Integrating safety across perception, planning, and control
- Ensuring consistency between safety goals and system behaviour
- Using centralised vs. decentralised safety monitoring
- Implementing safety supervisors and guardians at multiple levels
- Designing state transition logic for safe mode changes
- Handling handover scenarios in conditional automation
- Ensuring driver monitoring system (DMS) reliability and availability
- Integrating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) into safety logic
- Managing cyber-physical interactions in connected autonomy
- Designing safe trajectories under uncertain conditions
- Validating safe stopping area detection and execution
- Integrating map and HD map integrity into safety decisions
- Ensuring time synchronisation across safety-critical nodes
- Handling communication delays and packet loss in safety loops
- Using distributed safety budgets across domains
- Monitoring communication channels for availability and integrity
- Designing fallback driving strategies for system degradation
- Ensuring fail-safe trajectories are physically achievable
- Validating integration of third-party autonomy software stacks
Module 11: Certification, Audits, and Industry Best Practices - Preparing for functional safety assessment and certification
- Understanding the role of notified bodies and independent assessors
- Compiling a safety case: goals, evidence, and conclusions
- Structuring the safety report for audit readiness
- Responding to assessor queries and findings
- Addressing common audit deficiencies and misconceptions
- Learning from real-world certification experiences
- Using benchmarking data from certified OEM implementations
- Aligning with UNECE WP.29 and type approval requirements
- Integrating functional safety into product development processes
- Adopting scalable safety practices for agile development
- Ensuring compliance with regional regulatory expectations
- Using safety maturity models to improve organisational capability
- Leveraging lessons from Tesla, Waymo, and leading OEMs
- Balancing innovation speed with safety rigour
- Managing outsourced safety development with clear contracts
- Communicating safety status to executives and investors
- Demonstrating due diligence in safety engineering
- Ensuring long-term maintainability of safety documentation
- Establishing continuous improvement processes for functional safety
Module 12: Capstone Project and Certification Preparation - Overview of the capstone project: building a full safety case
- Selecting an autonomy function (e.g., automated lane change, AEB)
- Developing item definition and ODD documentation
- Conducting a complete HARA with ASIL assignments
- Deriving functional safety requirements and allocating to components
- Creating technical safety requirements with safety mechanisms
- Designing system architecture with fault-tolerant features
- Developing software safety strategies for key modules
- Constructing a hardware FMEDA for a sample ECU
- Planning verification and validation activities
- Integrating SOTIF considerations for unknown hazards
- Preparing confirmation measures for deployment
- Compiling the full safety dossier for review
- Applying industry templates and checklists
- Submitting for internal evaluation and feedback
- Refining the project based on expert guidance
- Demonstrating 100% traceability across safety lifecycle
- Gaining confidence in presenting safety work to leadership
- Preparing for technical interviews and safety-focused roles
- Earning your Certificate of Completion issued by The Art of Service
Module 1: Foundations of Functional Safety in Autonomous Systems - Introduction to ISO 26262 and its relevance to autonomous vehicles
- Understanding the purpose, scope, and boundaries of ISO 26262
- Differentiating between conventional automotive and autonomous vehicle safety needs
- Key terms and definitions: functional safety, hazard, risk, ASIL, E/E systems
- Structure and organisation of ISO 26262 editions and parts
- The safety lifecycle: concept phase through decommissioning
- Role of functional safety management in project leadership
- Safety culture and organisational responsibility in high-assurance engineering
- Differences between active and passive safety systems in autonomy
- Functional safety in the context of SOTIF (ISO 21448)
- Interactions between ISO 26262, AUTOSAR, and cybersecurity (ISO 21434)
- Overview of autonomy levels (SAE J3016) and their safety implications
- Core concepts: redundancy, fail-operational, fail-safe, graceful degradation
- Understanding safety objectives and safety goals at system level
- Introduction to functional safety assessment and audit readiness
Module 2: Concept Phase and Hazard Analysis - Defining the item definition: scope, interfaces, operational context
- Creating a precise system boundary for autonomy functions
- Identifying operational domains and edge cases for AV safety
- Performing hazard identification using brainstorming and checklists
- Applying STPA (System-Theoretic Process Analysis) to AV scenarios
- Conducting hazard and risk assessment (HARA) step-by-step
- Understanding exposure, controllability, and severity parameters
- Applying ASIL determination logic with real-world examples
- Handling residual risk and fallback states in ASIL assignment
- Dealing with multi-point faults and common cause failures
- Distinguishing between ASIL decomposition and its limitations
- Documenting HARA outputs with traceability to future stages
- Using hazard graphs and fault propagation models
- Aligning HARA with operational design domain (ODD) definitions
- Managing dynamic risk scenarios in urban and highway environments
- Integrating pedestrian and cyclist safety into risk assessment
- Handling sensor degradation modes in hazard analysis
- Addressing sensor fusion failures and calibration drift
- Defining safety state transitions for autonomy functions
- Establishing functional safety concepts with clear performance goals
Module 3: Functional Safety Requirements (FSRs) and Allocation - Deriving functional safety requirements from safety goals
- Writing unambiguous, verifiable, and testable FSRs
- Mapping FSRs to vehicle-level functions (e.g., steering, braking, perception)
- Allocating FSRs across system components and domains
- Applying top-down safety requirement decomposition
- Ensuring safety requirement safety integrity (SRSI) compliance
- Managing distributed FSRs across suppliers and OEMs
- Handling bidirectional and cross-functional safety interactions
- Using requirement management tools (e.g., DOORS, Jama, Polarion) for traceability
- Ensuring full traceability from hazard to FSR to technical safety requirement
- Creating and maintaining a safety requirements specification document
- Integrating formal methods and model-based safety engineering
- Using functional safety budgets for requirement prioritisation
- Managing requirement changes and impact analysis
- Establishing approval workflows for functional safety requirements
- Validating FSR completeness against operational scenarios
- Ensuring FSR compliance with system architecture constraints
- Documenting rationale for each FSR to support audits
- Handling software-only safety functions in requirement allocation
- Dealing with AI-based decision-making in non-deterministic systems
Module 4: Technical Safety Requirements and System Design - Transforming FSRs into technical safety requirements (TSRs)
- Incorporating hardware and software constraints into TSRs
- Designing fail-operational and fail-safe architectures
- Defining safety mechanisms at electronic and system level
- Integrating watchdogs, error detection, and self-diagnostic routines
- Engineering redundancy: active, passive, and hybrid approaches
- Implementing diverse redundancy for voting systems
- Designing fault-tolerant communication networks (e.g., CAN FD, Ethernet)
- Specifying safe states for ECU, actuator, and sensor failures
- Ensuring time and state consistency in safety-critical operations
- Handling transient and intermittent faults in AV systems
- Using hardware metrics: single-point fault metric (SPFM), latent fault metric (LFM)
- Calculating and achieving target metrics for ASIL D systems
- Integrating safety mechanisms into ECU power and clock management
- Designing memory protection and error correction (ECC, parity)
- Implementing safe reset and boot-up sequences
- Modelling system-level fault trees for technical validation
- Applying architectural design patterns for modularity and safety
- Ensuring TSR traceability to software and hardware components
- Documenting technical safety concepts for external review
Module 5: Software-Level Functional Safety - Software safety requirements and decomposition strategies
- Mapping technical safety requirements to software units
- Using MISRA C, JSF AV, and AUTOSAR C++ guidelines
- Applying coding standards to prevent runtime errors
- Designing safe state machines and mode management logic
- Handling concurrency, race conditions, and real-time constraints
- Implementing software safety mechanisms: CRC checks, plausibility monitoring
- Integrating runtime environment and OS-level safety services
- Software partitioning and isolation (e.g., using Hypervisors)
- Managing shared resources and memory access safely
- Designing watchdogs and software liveness monitoring
- Implementing software fault trees and fault injection testing
- Ensuring temporal and spatial separation in multi-core systems
- Creating software safety plans and verification strategies
- Using model-based software development with Simulink and Stateflow
- Validating software against absence of systematic faults
- Managing compiler and toolchain qualifications
- Performing software integration testing with safety focus
- Documenting software architectural design for safety compliance
- Establishing software change control and versioning
Module 6: Hardware-Level Functional Safety - Hardware safety requirements and probabilistic metrics
- Calculating FIT rates and failure probabilities
- Understanding random hardware failures and their impact
- FMEDA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis) process
- Constructing FMEDA templates for ECUs and sensors
- Estimating diagnostic coverage for safety mechanisms
- Selecting components with appropriate quality and reliability
- Using vendor datasheets and reliability reports in FMEDA
- Integrating temperature, aging, and environmental factors
- Designing for robustness: derating, layout, and signal integrity
- Handling component obsolescence and supply chain risks
- Ensuring hardware-software co-design for safety
- Validating hardware designs against SPFM, LFM, and PMHF goals
- Performing hardware architectural metrics analysis
- Testing hardware designs using simulation and prototyping
- Designing for testability and in-field diagnostics
- Integrating HCU (Hardware Control Unit) safety monitors
- Managing external hardware modifications and retrofits
- Demonstrating proof of absence of systematic faults in HW
- Working with independent assessor expectations for hardware
Module 7: Verification, Validation, and Confirmation - Differentiating verification, validation, and confirmation
- Building a comprehensive safety verification plan
- Creating test cases from functional and technical safety requirements
- Integrating simulation environments (e.g., SIL, HIL, VIL) for AV testing
- Using scenario-based testing for edge case validation
- Validating safety goals under degraded sensor conditions
- Testing fault injection at system, software, and hardware levels
- Performing robustness and stress testing
- Measuring effectiveness of safety mechanisms through test coverage
- Ensuring requirement coverage, statement coverage, and MC/DC
- Applying mutation testing for software fault detection
- Using tool qualification for verification tools
- Managing test documentation and traceability to standards
- Conducting independence reviews and safety audits
- Preparing for external assessment and certification
- Developing confirmation measures for real-world deployment
- Using real-world driving data to refine safety validation
- Integrating over-the-air (OTA) updates into validation scope
- Ensuring regression testing after safety modifications
- Documenting final safety confirmation report
Module 8: Functional Safety Management and Organisational Processes - Establishing a functional safety management plan
- Defining roles: Safety Manager, Safety Engineer, Safety Assessor
- Setting up safety review checkpoints and milestone gates
- Managing supplier safety responsibilities and interface agreements
- Conducting safety audits and process assessments
- Documenting safety lifecycle activities and decisions
- Managing safety change requests and impact analysis
- Ensuring compliance with ISO 26262 Part 2: Management
- Integrating safety into project planning and resource allocation
- Handling safety-critical tool qualification (e.g., modeling, testing tools)
- Managing configuration and change control for safety items
- Establishing independence in safety verification and validation
- Conducting safety analyses with cross-functional teams
- Managing safety documentation for version control and archiving
- Training teams on functional safety roles and responsibilities
- Developing safety culture through leadership and accountability
- Reporting safety metrics to stakeholders and executives
- Preparing for external audits by certification bodies
- Using safety management tools and PLM integration
- Creating audit-ready safety case dossiers
Module 9: Safety in AI, Machine Learning, and Perception Systems - Challenges of applying ISO 26262 to AI-driven functions
- Understanding non-deterministic behaviour in neural networks
- Defining operational limits and fallback mechanisms for AI
- Integrating SOTIF analysis with functional safety workflows
- Using ODD (Operational Design Domain) to bound AI safety scope
- Creating safe perception pipelines with redundancy and diversity
- Validating object detection, classification, and tracking under stress
- Handling sensor failures and environmental conditions (fog, rain, snow)
- Designing plausibility checks for AI outputs
- Using synthetic data and simulation to expand test coverage
- Implementing anomaly detection and uncertainty estimation
- Monitoring model drift and performance degradation over time
- Ensuring OTA updates do not compromise safety integrity
- Integrating human-in-the-loop strategies for AI oversight
- Documenting AI safety justifications for regulatory review
- Combining probabilistic reasoning with rule-based safety logic
- Ensuring deterministic safety outcomes despite AI uncertainty
- Assigning ASILs to software components influenced by AI decisions
- Leveraging interpretability and explainability tools for safety
- Establishing safety envelopes for AI-based planning and control
Module 10: Integration of Safety in Autonomous Vehicle Architectures - Designing end-to-end functional safety for L3+ systems
- Integrating safety across perception, planning, and control
- Ensuring consistency between safety goals and system behaviour
- Using centralised vs. decentralised safety monitoring
- Implementing safety supervisors and guardians at multiple levels
- Designing state transition logic for safe mode changes
- Handling handover scenarios in conditional automation
- Ensuring driver monitoring system (DMS) reliability and availability
- Integrating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) into safety logic
- Managing cyber-physical interactions in connected autonomy
- Designing safe trajectories under uncertain conditions
- Validating safe stopping area detection and execution
- Integrating map and HD map integrity into safety decisions
- Ensuring time synchronisation across safety-critical nodes
- Handling communication delays and packet loss in safety loops
- Using distributed safety budgets across domains
- Monitoring communication channels for availability and integrity
- Designing fallback driving strategies for system degradation
- Ensuring fail-safe trajectories are physically achievable
- Validating integration of third-party autonomy software stacks
Module 11: Certification, Audits, and Industry Best Practices - Preparing for functional safety assessment and certification
- Understanding the role of notified bodies and independent assessors
- Compiling a safety case: goals, evidence, and conclusions
- Structuring the safety report for audit readiness
- Responding to assessor queries and findings
- Addressing common audit deficiencies and misconceptions
- Learning from real-world certification experiences
- Using benchmarking data from certified OEM implementations
- Aligning with UNECE WP.29 and type approval requirements
- Integrating functional safety into product development processes
- Adopting scalable safety practices for agile development
- Ensuring compliance with regional regulatory expectations
- Using safety maturity models to improve organisational capability
- Leveraging lessons from Tesla, Waymo, and leading OEMs
- Balancing innovation speed with safety rigour
- Managing outsourced safety development with clear contracts
- Communicating safety status to executives and investors
- Demonstrating due diligence in safety engineering
- Ensuring long-term maintainability of safety documentation
- Establishing continuous improvement processes for functional safety
Module 12: Capstone Project and Certification Preparation - Overview of the capstone project: building a full safety case
- Selecting an autonomy function (e.g., automated lane change, AEB)
- Developing item definition and ODD documentation
- Conducting a complete HARA with ASIL assignments
- Deriving functional safety requirements and allocating to components
- Creating technical safety requirements with safety mechanisms
- Designing system architecture with fault-tolerant features
- Developing software safety strategies for key modules
- Constructing a hardware FMEDA for a sample ECU
- Planning verification and validation activities
- Integrating SOTIF considerations for unknown hazards
- Preparing confirmation measures for deployment
- Compiling the full safety dossier for review
- Applying industry templates and checklists
- Submitting for internal evaluation and feedback
- Refining the project based on expert guidance
- Demonstrating 100% traceability across safety lifecycle
- Gaining confidence in presenting safety work to leadership
- Preparing for technical interviews and safety-focused roles
- Earning your Certificate of Completion issued by The Art of Service
- Defining the item definition: scope, interfaces, operational context
- Creating a precise system boundary for autonomy functions
- Identifying operational domains and edge cases for AV safety
- Performing hazard identification using brainstorming and checklists
- Applying STPA (System-Theoretic Process Analysis) to AV scenarios
- Conducting hazard and risk assessment (HARA) step-by-step
- Understanding exposure, controllability, and severity parameters
- Applying ASIL determination logic with real-world examples
- Handling residual risk and fallback states in ASIL assignment
- Dealing with multi-point faults and common cause failures
- Distinguishing between ASIL decomposition and its limitations
- Documenting HARA outputs with traceability to future stages
- Using hazard graphs and fault propagation models
- Aligning HARA with operational design domain (ODD) definitions
- Managing dynamic risk scenarios in urban and highway environments
- Integrating pedestrian and cyclist safety into risk assessment
- Handling sensor degradation modes in hazard analysis
- Addressing sensor fusion failures and calibration drift
- Defining safety state transitions for autonomy functions
- Establishing functional safety concepts with clear performance goals
Module 3: Functional Safety Requirements (FSRs) and Allocation - Deriving functional safety requirements from safety goals
- Writing unambiguous, verifiable, and testable FSRs
- Mapping FSRs to vehicle-level functions (e.g., steering, braking, perception)
- Allocating FSRs across system components and domains
- Applying top-down safety requirement decomposition
- Ensuring safety requirement safety integrity (SRSI) compliance
- Managing distributed FSRs across suppliers and OEMs
- Handling bidirectional and cross-functional safety interactions
- Using requirement management tools (e.g., DOORS, Jama, Polarion) for traceability
- Ensuring full traceability from hazard to FSR to technical safety requirement
- Creating and maintaining a safety requirements specification document
- Integrating formal methods and model-based safety engineering
- Using functional safety budgets for requirement prioritisation
- Managing requirement changes and impact analysis
- Establishing approval workflows for functional safety requirements
- Validating FSR completeness against operational scenarios
- Ensuring FSR compliance with system architecture constraints
- Documenting rationale for each FSR to support audits
- Handling software-only safety functions in requirement allocation
- Dealing with AI-based decision-making in non-deterministic systems
Module 4: Technical Safety Requirements and System Design - Transforming FSRs into technical safety requirements (TSRs)
- Incorporating hardware and software constraints into TSRs
- Designing fail-operational and fail-safe architectures
- Defining safety mechanisms at electronic and system level
- Integrating watchdogs, error detection, and self-diagnostic routines
- Engineering redundancy: active, passive, and hybrid approaches
- Implementing diverse redundancy for voting systems
- Designing fault-tolerant communication networks (e.g., CAN FD, Ethernet)
- Specifying safe states for ECU, actuator, and sensor failures
- Ensuring time and state consistency in safety-critical operations
- Handling transient and intermittent faults in AV systems
- Using hardware metrics: single-point fault metric (SPFM), latent fault metric (LFM)
- Calculating and achieving target metrics for ASIL D systems
- Integrating safety mechanisms into ECU power and clock management
- Designing memory protection and error correction (ECC, parity)
- Implementing safe reset and boot-up sequences
- Modelling system-level fault trees for technical validation
- Applying architectural design patterns for modularity and safety
- Ensuring TSR traceability to software and hardware components
- Documenting technical safety concepts for external review
Module 5: Software-Level Functional Safety - Software safety requirements and decomposition strategies
- Mapping technical safety requirements to software units
- Using MISRA C, JSF AV, and AUTOSAR C++ guidelines
- Applying coding standards to prevent runtime errors
- Designing safe state machines and mode management logic
- Handling concurrency, race conditions, and real-time constraints
- Implementing software safety mechanisms: CRC checks, plausibility monitoring
- Integrating runtime environment and OS-level safety services
- Software partitioning and isolation (e.g., using Hypervisors)
- Managing shared resources and memory access safely
- Designing watchdogs and software liveness monitoring
- Implementing software fault trees and fault injection testing
- Ensuring temporal and spatial separation in multi-core systems
- Creating software safety plans and verification strategies
- Using model-based software development with Simulink and Stateflow
- Validating software against absence of systematic faults
- Managing compiler and toolchain qualifications
- Performing software integration testing with safety focus
- Documenting software architectural design for safety compliance
- Establishing software change control and versioning
Module 6: Hardware-Level Functional Safety - Hardware safety requirements and probabilistic metrics
- Calculating FIT rates and failure probabilities
- Understanding random hardware failures and their impact
- FMEDA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis) process
- Constructing FMEDA templates for ECUs and sensors
- Estimating diagnostic coverage for safety mechanisms
- Selecting components with appropriate quality and reliability
- Using vendor datasheets and reliability reports in FMEDA
- Integrating temperature, aging, and environmental factors
- Designing for robustness: derating, layout, and signal integrity
- Handling component obsolescence and supply chain risks
- Ensuring hardware-software co-design for safety
- Validating hardware designs against SPFM, LFM, and PMHF goals
- Performing hardware architectural metrics analysis
- Testing hardware designs using simulation and prototyping
- Designing for testability and in-field diagnostics
- Integrating HCU (Hardware Control Unit) safety monitors
- Managing external hardware modifications and retrofits
- Demonstrating proof of absence of systematic faults in HW
- Working with independent assessor expectations for hardware
Module 7: Verification, Validation, and Confirmation - Differentiating verification, validation, and confirmation
- Building a comprehensive safety verification plan
- Creating test cases from functional and technical safety requirements
- Integrating simulation environments (e.g., SIL, HIL, VIL) for AV testing
- Using scenario-based testing for edge case validation
- Validating safety goals under degraded sensor conditions
- Testing fault injection at system, software, and hardware levels
- Performing robustness and stress testing
- Measuring effectiveness of safety mechanisms through test coverage
- Ensuring requirement coverage, statement coverage, and MC/DC
- Applying mutation testing for software fault detection
- Using tool qualification for verification tools
- Managing test documentation and traceability to standards
- Conducting independence reviews and safety audits
- Preparing for external assessment and certification
- Developing confirmation measures for real-world deployment
- Using real-world driving data to refine safety validation
- Integrating over-the-air (OTA) updates into validation scope
- Ensuring regression testing after safety modifications
- Documenting final safety confirmation report
Module 8: Functional Safety Management and Organisational Processes - Establishing a functional safety management plan
- Defining roles: Safety Manager, Safety Engineer, Safety Assessor
- Setting up safety review checkpoints and milestone gates
- Managing supplier safety responsibilities and interface agreements
- Conducting safety audits and process assessments
- Documenting safety lifecycle activities and decisions
- Managing safety change requests and impact analysis
- Ensuring compliance with ISO 26262 Part 2: Management
- Integrating safety into project planning and resource allocation
- Handling safety-critical tool qualification (e.g., modeling, testing tools)
- Managing configuration and change control for safety items
- Establishing independence in safety verification and validation
- Conducting safety analyses with cross-functional teams
- Managing safety documentation for version control and archiving
- Training teams on functional safety roles and responsibilities
- Developing safety culture through leadership and accountability
- Reporting safety metrics to stakeholders and executives
- Preparing for external audits by certification bodies
- Using safety management tools and PLM integration
- Creating audit-ready safety case dossiers
Module 9: Safety in AI, Machine Learning, and Perception Systems - Challenges of applying ISO 26262 to AI-driven functions
- Understanding non-deterministic behaviour in neural networks
- Defining operational limits and fallback mechanisms for AI
- Integrating SOTIF analysis with functional safety workflows
- Using ODD (Operational Design Domain) to bound AI safety scope
- Creating safe perception pipelines with redundancy and diversity
- Validating object detection, classification, and tracking under stress
- Handling sensor failures and environmental conditions (fog, rain, snow)
- Designing plausibility checks for AI outputs
- Using synthetic data and simulation to expand test coverage
- Implementing anomaly detection and uncertainty estimation
- Monitoring model drift and performance degradation over time
- Ensuring OTA updates do not compromise safety integrity
- Integrating human-in-the-loop strategies for AI oversight
- Documenting AI safety justifications for regulatory review
- Combining probabilistic reasoning with rule-based safety logic
- Ensuring deterministic safety outcomes despite AI uncertainty
- Assigning ASILs to software components influenced by AI decisions
- Leveraging interpretability and explainability tools for safety
- Establishing safety envelopes for AI-based planning and control
Module 10: Integration of Safety in Autonomous Vehicle Architectures - Designing end-to-end functional safety for L3+ systems
- Integrating safety across perception, planning, and control
- Ensuring consistency between safety goals and system behaviour
- Using centralised vs. decentralised safety monitoring
- Implementing safety supervisors and guardians at multiple levels
- Designing state transition logic for safe mode changes
- Handling handover scenarios in conditional automation
- Ensuring driver monitoring system (DMS) reliability and availability
- Integrating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) into safety logic
- Managing cyber-physical interactions in connected autonomy
- Designing safe trajectories under uncertain conditions
- Validating safe stopping area detection and execution
- Integrating map and HD map integrity into safety decisions
- Ensuring time synchronisation across safety-critical nodes
- Handling communication delays and packet loss in safety loops
- Using distributed safety budgets across domains
- Monitoring communication channels for availability and integrity
- Designing fallback driving strategies for system degradation
- Ensuring fail-safe trajectories are physically achievable
- Validating integration of third-party autonomy software stacks
Module 11: Certification, Audits, and Industry Best Practices - Preparing for functional safety assessment and certification
- Understanding the role of notified bodies and independent assessors
- Compiling a safety case: goals, evidence, and conclusions
- Structuring the safety report for audit readiness
- Responding to assessor queries and findings
- Addressing common audit deficiencies and misconceptions
- Learning from real-world certification experiences
- Using benchmarking data from certified OEM implementations
- Aligning with UNECE WP.29 and type approval requirements
- Integrating functional safety into product development processes
- Adopting scalable safety practices for agile development
- Ensuring compliance with regional regulatory expectations
- Using safety maturity models to improve organisational capability
- Leveraging lessons from Tesla, Waymo, and leading OEMs
- Balancing innovation speed with safety rigour
- Managing outsourced safety development with clear contracts
- Communicating safety status to executives and investors
- Demonstrating due diligence in safety engineering
- Ensuring long-term maintainability of safety documentation
- Establishing continuous improvement processes for functional safety
Module 12: Capstone Project and Certification Preparation - Overview of the capstone project: building a full safety case
- Selecting an autonomy function (e.g., automated lane change, AEB)
- Developing item definition and ODD documentation
- Conducting a complete HARA with ASIL assignments
- Deriving functional safety requirements and allocating to components
- Creating technical safety requirements with safety mechanisms
- Designing system architecture with fault-tolerant features
- Developing software safety strategies for key modules
- Constructing a hardware FMEDA for a sample ECU
- Planning verification and validation activities
- Integrating SOTIF considerations for unknown hazards
- Preparing confirmation measures for deployment
- Compiling the full safety dossier for review
- Applying industry templates and checklists
- Submitting for internal evaluation and feedback
- Refining the project based on expert guidance
- Demonstrating 100% traceability across safety lifecycle
- Gaining confidence in presenting safety work to leadership
- Preparing for technical interviews and safety-focused roles
- Earning your Certificate of Completion issued by The Art of Service
- Transforming FSRs into technical safety requirements (TSRs)
- Incorporating hardware and software constraints into TSRs
- Designing fail-operational and fail-safe architectures
- Defining safety mechanisms at electronic and system level
- Integrating watchdogs, error detection, and self-diagnostic routines
- Engineering redundancy: active, passive, and hybrid approaches
- Implementing diverse redundancy for voting systems
- Designing fault-tolerant communication networks (e.g., CAN FD, Ethernet)
- Specifying safe states for ECU, actuator, and sensor failures
- Ensuring time and state consistency in safety-critical operations
- Handling transient and intermittent faults in AV systems
- Using hardware metrics: single-point fault metric (SPFM), latent fault metric (LFM)
- Calculating and achieving target metrics for ASIL D systems
- Integrating safety mechanisms into ECU power and clock management
- Designing memory protection and error correction (ECC, parity)
- Implementing safe reset and boot-up sequences
- Modelling system-level fault trees for technical validation
- Applying architectural design patterns for modularity and safety
- Ensuring TSR traceability to software and hardware components
- Documenting technical safety concepts for external review
Module 5: Software-Level Functional Safety - Software safety requirements and decomposition strategies
- Mapping technical safety requirements to software units
- Using MISRA C, JSF AV, and AUTOSAR C++ guidelines
- Applying coding standards to prevent runtime errors
- Designing safe state machines and mode management logic
- Handling concurrency, race conditions, and real-time constraints
- Implementing software safety mechanisms: CRC checks, plausibility monitoring
- Integrating runtime environment and OS-level safety services
- Software partitioning and isolation (e.g., using Hypervisors)
- Managing shared resources and memory access safely
- Designing watchdogs and software liveness monitoring
- Implementing software fault trees and fault injection testing
- Ensuring temporal and spatial separation in multi-core systems
- Creating software safety plans and verification strategies
- Using model-based software development with Simulink and Stateflow
- Validating software against absence of systematic faults
- Managing compiler and toolchain qualifications
- Performing software integration testing with safety focus
- Documenting software architectural design for safety compliance
- Establishing software change control and versioning
Module 6: Hardware-Level Functional Safety - Hardware safety requirements and probabilistic metrics
- Calculating FIT rates and failure probabilities
- Understanding random hardware failures and their impact
- FMEDA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis) process
- Constructing FMEDA templates for ECUs and sensors
- Estimating diagnostic coverage for safety mechanisms
- Selecting components with appropriate quality and reliability
- Using vendor datasheets and reliability reports in FMEDA
- Integrating temperature, aging, and environmental factors
- Designing for robustness: derating, layout, and signal integrity
- Handling component obsolescence and supply chain risks
- Ensuring hardware-software co-design for safety
- Validating hardware designs against SPFM, LFM, and PMHF goals
- Performing hardware architectural metrics analysis
- Testing hardware designs using simulation and prototyping
- Designing for testability and in-field diagnostics
- Integrating HCU (Hardware Control Unit) safety monitors
- Managing external hardware modifications and retrofits
- Demonstrating proof of absence of systematic faults in HW
- Working with independent assessor expectations for hardware
Module 7: Verification, Validation, and Confirmation - Differentiating verification, validation, and confirmation
- Building a comprehensive safety verification plan
- Creating test cases from functional and technical safety requirements
- Integrating simulation environments (e.g., SIL, HIL, VIL) for AV testing
- Using scenario-based testing for edge case validation
- Validating safety goals under degraded sensor conditions
- Testing fault injection at system, software, and hardware levels
- Performing robustness and stress testing
- Measuring effectiveness of safety mechanisms through test coverage
- Ensuring requirement coverage, statement coverage, and MC/DC
- Applying mutation testing for software fault detection
- Using tool qualification for verification tools
- Managing test documentation and traceability to standards
- Conducting independence reviews and safety audits
- Preparing for external assessment and certification
- Developing confirmation measures for real-world deployment
- Using real-world driving data to refine safety validation
- Integrating over-the-air (OTA) updates into validation scope
- Ensuring regression testing after safety modifications
- Documenting final safety confirmation report
Module 8: Functional Safety Management and Organisational Processes - Establishing a functional safety management plan
- Defining roles: Safety Manager, Safety Engineer, Safety Assessor
- Setting up safety review checkpoints and milestone gates
- Managing supplier safety responsibilities and interface agreements
- Conducting safety audits and process assessments
- Documenting safety lifecycle activities and decisions
- Managing safety change requests and impact analysis
- Ensuring compliance with ISO 26262 Part 2: Management
- Integrating safety into project planning and resource allocation
- Handling safety-critical tool qualification (e.g., modeling, testing tools)
- Managing configuration and change control for safety items
- Establishing independence in safety verification and validation
- Conducting safety analyses with cross-functional teams
- Managing safety documentation for version control and archiving
- Training teams on functional safety roles and responsibilities
- Developing safety culture through leadership and accountability
- Reporting safety metrics to stakeholders and executives
- Preparing for external audits by certification bodies
- Using safety management tools and PLM integration
- Creating audit-ready safety case dossiers
Module 9: Safety in AI, Machine Learning, and Perception Systems - Challenges of applying ISO 26262 to AI-driven functions
- Understanding non-deterministic behaviour in neural networks
- Defining operational limits and fallback mechanisms for AI
- Integrating SOTIF analysis with functional safety workflows
- Using ODD (Operational Design Domain) to bound AI safety scope
- Creating safe perception pipelines with redundancy and diversity
- Validating object detection, classification, and tracking under stress
- Handling sensor failures and environmental conditions (fog, rain, snow)
- Designing plausibility checks for AI outputs
- Using synthetic data and simulation to expand test coverage
- Implementing anomaly detection and uncertainty estimation
- Monitoring model drift and performance degradation over time
- Ensuring OTA updates do not compromise safety integrity
- Integrating human-in-the-loop strategies for AI oversight
- Documenting AI safety justifications for regulatory review
- Combining probabilistic reasoning with rule-based safety logic
- Ensuring deterministic safety outcomes despite AI uncertainty
- Assigning ASILs to software components influenced by AI decisions
- Leveraging interpretability and explainability tools for safety
- Establishing safety envelopes for AI-based planning and control
Module 10: Integration of Safety in Autonomous Vehicle Architectures - Designing end-to-end functional safety for L3+ systems
- Integrating safety across perception, planning, and control
- Ensuring consistency between safety goals and system behaviour
- Using centralised vs. decentralised safety monitoring
- Implementing safety supervisors and guardians at multiple levels
- Designing state transition logic for safe mode changes
- Handling handover scenarios in conditional automation
- Ensuring driver monitoring system (DMS) reliability and availability
- Integrating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) into safety logic
- Managing cyber-physical interactions in connected autonomy
- Designing safe trajectories under uncertain conditions
- Validating safe stopping area detection and execution
- Integrating map and HD map integrity into safety decisions
- Ensuring time synchronisation across safety-critical nodes
- Handling communication delays and packet loss in safety loops
- Using distributed safety budgets across domains
- Monitoring communication channels for availability and integrity
- Designing fallback driving strategies for system degradation
- Ensuring fail-safe trajectories are physically achievable
- Validating integration of third-party autonomy software stacks
Module 11: Certification, Audits, and Industry Best Practices - Preparing for functional safety assessment and certification
- Understanding the role of notified bodies and independent assessors
- Compiling a safety case: goals, evidence, and conclusions
- Structuring the safety report for audit readiness
- Responding to assessor queries and findings
- Addressing common audit deficiencies and misconceptions
- Learning from real-world certification experiences
- Using benchmarking data from certified OEM implementations
- Aligning with UNECE WP.29 and type approval requirements
- Integrating functional safety into product development processes
- Adopting scalable safety practices for agile development
- Ensuring compliance with regional regulatory expectations
- Using safety maturity models to improve organisational capability
- Leveraging lessons from Tesla, Waymo, and leading OEMs
- Balancing innovation speed with safety rigour
- Managing outsourced safety development with clear contracts
- Communicating safety status to executives and investors
- Demonstrating due diligence in safety engineering
- Ensuring long-term maintainability of safety documentation
- Establishing continuous improvement processes for functional safety
Module 12: Capstone Project and Certification Preparation - Overview of the capstone project: building a full safety case
- Selecting an autonomy function (e.g., automated lane change, AEB)
- Developing item definition and ODD documentation
- Conducting a complete HARA with ASIL assignments
- Deriving functional safety requirements and allocating to components
- Creating technical safety requirements with safety mechanisms
- Designing system architecture with fault-tolerant features
- Developing software safety strategies for key modules
- Constructing a hardware FMEDA for a sample ECU
- Planning verification and validation activities
- Integrating SOTIF considerations for unknown hazards
- Preparing confirmation measures for deployment
- Compiling the full safety dossier for review
- Applying industry templates and checklists
- Submitting for internal evaluation and feedback
- Refining the project based on expert guidance
- Demonstrating 100% traceability across safety lifecycle
- Gaining confidence in presenting safety work to leadership
- Preparing for technical interviews and safety-focused roles
- Earning your Certificate of Completion issued by The Art of Service
- Hardware safety requirements and probabilistic metrics
- Calculating FIT rates and failure probabilities
- Understanding random hardware failures and their impact
- FMEDA (Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis) process
- Constructing FMEDA templates for ECUs and sensors
- Estimating diagnostic coverage for safety mechanisms
- Selecting components with appropriate quality and reliability
- Using vendor datasheets and reliability reports in FMEDA
- Integrating temperature, aging, and environmental factors
- Designing for robustness: derating, layout, and signal integrity
- Handling component obsolescence and supply chain risks
- Ensuring hardware-software co-design for safety
- Validating hardware designs against SPFM, LFM, and PMHF goals
- Performing hardware architectural metrics analysis
- Testing hardware designs using simulation and prototyping
- Designing for testability and in-field diagnostics
- Integrating HCU (Hardware Control Unit) safety monitors
- Managing external hardware modifications and retrofits
- Demonstrating proof of absence of systematic faults in HW
- Working with independent assessor expectations for hardware
Module 7: Verification, Validation, and Confirmation - Differentiating verification, validation, and confirmation
- Building a comprehensive safety verification plan
- Creating test cases from functional and technical safety requirements
- Integrating simulation environments (e.g., SIL, HIL, VIL) for AV testing
- Using scenario-based testing for edge case validation
- Validating safety goals under degraded sensor conditions
- Testing fault injection at system, software, and hardware levels
- Performing robustness and stress testing
- Measuring effectiveness of safety mechanisms through test coverage
- Ensuring requirement coverage, statement coverage, and MC/DC
- Applying mutation testing for software fault detection
- Using tool qualification for verification tools
- Managing test documentation and traceability to standards
- Conducting independence reviews and safety audits
- Preparing for external assessment and certification
- Developing confirmation measures for real-world deployment
- Using real-world driving data to refine safety validation
- Integrating over-the-air (OTA) updates into validation scope
- Ensuring regression testing after safety modifications
- Documenting final safety confirmation report
Module 8: Functional Safety Management and Organisational Processes - Establishing a functional safety management plan
- Defining roles: Safety Manager, Safety Engineer, Safety Assessor
- Setting up safety review checkpoints and milestone gates
- Managing supplier safety responsibilities and interface agreements
- Conducting safety audits and process assessments
- Documenting safety lifecycle activities and decisions
- Managing safety change requests and impact analysis
- Ensuring compliance with ISO 26262 Part 2: Management
- Integrating safety into project planning and resource allocation
- Handling safety-critical tool qualification (e.g., modeling, testing tools)
- Managing configuration and change control for safety items
- Establishing independence in safety verification and validation
- Conducting safety analyses with cross-functional teams
- Managing safety documentation for version control and archiving
- Training teams on functional safety roles and responsibilities
- Developing safety culture through leadership and accountability
- Reporting safety metrics to stakeholders and executives
- Preparing for external audits by certification bodies
- Using safety management tools and PLM integration
- Creating audit-ready safety case dossiers
Module 9: Safety in AI, Machine Learning, and Perception Systems - Challenges of applying ISO 26262 to AI-driven functions
- Understanding non-deterministic behaviour in neural networks
- Defining operational limits and fallback mechanisms for AI
- Integrating SOTIF analysis with functional safety workflows
- Using ODD (Operational Design Domain) to bound AI safety scope
- Creating safe perception pipelines with redundancy and diversity
- Validating object detection, classification, and tracking under stress
- Handling sensor failures and environmental conditions (fog, rain, snow)
- Designing plausibility checks for AI outputs
- Using synthetic data and simulation to expand test coverage
- Implementing anomaly detection and uncertainty estimation
- Monitoring model drift and performance degradation over time
- Ensuring OTA updates do not compromise safety integrity
- Integrating human-in-the-loop strategies for AI oversight
- Documenting AI safety justifications for regulatory review
- Combining probabilistic reasoning with rule-based safety logic
- Ensuring deterministic safety outcomes despite AI uncertainty
- Assigning ASILs to software components influenced by AI decisions
- Leveraging interpretability and explainability tools for safety
- Establishing safety envelopes for AI-based planning and control
Module 10: Integration of Safety in Autonomous Vehicle Architectures - Designing end-to-end functional safety for L3+ systems
- Integrating safety across perception, planning, and control
- Ensuring consistency between safety goals and system behaviour
- Using centralised vs. decentralised safety monitoring
- Implementing safety supervisors and guardians at multiple levels
- Designing state transition logic for safe mode changes
- Handling handover scenarios in conditional automation
- Ensuring driver monitoring system (DMS) reliability and availability
- Integrating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) into safety logic
- Managing cyber-physical interactions in connected autonomy
- Designing safe trajectories under uncertain conditions
- Validating safe stopping area detection and execution
- Integrating map and HD map integrity into safety decisions
- Ensuring time synchronisation across safety-critical nodes
- Handling communication delays and packet loss in safety loops
- Using distributed safety budgets across domains
- Monitoring communication channels for availability and integrity
- Designing fallback driving strategies for system degradation
- Ensuring fail-safe trajectories are physically achievable
- Validating integration of third-party autonomy software stacks
Module 11: Certification, Audits, and Industry Best Practices - Preparing for functional safety assessment and certification
- Understanding the role of notified bodies and independent assessors
- Compiling a safety case: goals, evidence, and conclusions
- Structuring the safety report for audit readiness
- Responding to assessor queries and findings
- Addressing common audit deficiencies and misconceptions
- Learning from real-world certification experiences
- Using benchmarking data from certified OEM implementations
- Aligning with UNECE WP.29 and type approval requirements
- Integrating functional safety into product development processes
- Adopting scalable safety practices for agile development
- Ensuring compliance with regional regulatory expectations
- Using safety maturity models to improve organisational capability
- Leveraging lessons from Tesla, Waymo, and leading OEMs
- Balancing innovation speed with safety rigour
- Managing outsourced safety development with clear contracts
- Communicating safety status to executives and investors
- Demonstrating due diligence in safety engineering
- Ensuring long-term maintainability of safety documentation
- Establishing continuous improvement processes for functional safety
Module 12: Capstone Project and Certification Preparation - Overview of the capstone project: building a full safety case
- Selecting an autonomy function (e.g., automated lane change, AEB)
- Developing item definition and ODD documentation
- Conducting a complete HARA with ASIL assignments
- Deriving functional safety requirements and allocating to components
- Creating technical safety requirements with safety mechanisms
- Designing system architecture with fault-tolerant features
- Developing software safety strategies for key modules
- Constructing a hardware FMEDA for a sample ECU
- Planning verification and validation activities
- Integrating SOTIF considerations for unknown hazards
- Preparing confirmation measures for deployment
- Compiling the full safety dossier for review
- Applying industry templates and checklists
- Submitting for internal evaluation and feedback
- Refining the project based on expert guidance
- Demonstrating 100% traceability across safety lifecycle
- Gaining confidence in presenting safety work to leadership
- Preparing for technical interviews and safety-focused roles
- Earning your Certificate of Completion issued by The Art of Service
- Establishing a functional safety management plan
- Defining roles: Safety Manager, Safety Engineer, Safety Assessor
- Setting up safety review checkpoints and milestone gates
- Managing supplier safety responsibilities and interface agreements
- Conducting safety audits and process assessments
- Documenting safety lifecycle activities and decisions
- Managing safety change requests and impact analysis
- Ensuring compliance with ISO 26262 Part 2: Management
- Integrating safety into project planning and resource allocation
- Handling safety-critical tool qualification (e.g., modeling, testing tools)
- Managing configuration and change control for safety items
- Establishing independence in safety verification and validation
- Conducting safety analyses with cross-functional teams
- Managing safety documentation for version control and archiving
- Training teams on functional safety roles and responsibilities
- Developing safety culture through leadership and accountability
- Reporting safety metrics to stakeholders and executives
- Preparing for external audits by certification bodies
- Using safety management tools and PLM integration
- Creating audit-ready safety case dossiers
Module 9: Safety in AI, Machine Learning, and Perception Systems - Challenges of applying ISO 26262 to AI-driven functions
- Understanding non-deterministic behaviour in neural networks
- Defining operational limits and fallback mechanisms for AI
- Integrating SOTIF analysis with functional safety workflows
- Using ODD (Operational Design Domain) to bound AI safety scope
- Creating safe perception pipelines with redundancy and diversity
- Validating object detection, classification, and tracking under stress
- Handling sensor failures and environmental conditions (fog, rain, snow)
- Designing plausibility checks for AI outputs
- Using synthetic data and simulation to expand test coverage
- Implementing anomaly detection and uncertainty estimation
- Monitoring model drift and performance degradation over time
- Ensuring OTA updates do not compromise safety integrity
- Integrating human-in-the-loop strategies for AI oversight
- Documenting AI safety justifications for regulatory review
- Combining probabilistic reasoning with rule-based safety logic
- Ensuring deterministic safety outcomes despite AI uncertainty
- Assigning ASILs to software components influenced by AI decisions
- Leveraging interpretability and explainability tools for safety
- Establishing safety envelopes for AI-based planning and control
Module 10: Integration of Safety in Autonomous Vehicle Architectures - Designing end-to-end functional safety for L3+ systems
- Integrating safety across perception, planning, and control
- Ensuring consistency between safety goals and system behaviour
- Using centralised vs. decentralised safety monitoring
- Implementing safety supervisors and guardians at multiple levels
- Designing state transition logic for safe mode changes
- Handling handover scenarios in conditional automation
- Ensuring driver monitoring system (DMS) reliability and availability
- Integrating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) into safety logic
- Managing cyber-physical interactions in connected autonomy
- Designing safe trajectories under uncertain conditions
- Validating safe stopping area detection and execution
- Integrating map and HD map integrity into safety decisions
- Ensuring time synchronisation across safety-critical nodes
- Handling communication delays and packet loss in safety loops
- Using distributed safety budgets across domains
- Monitoring communication channels for availability and integrity
- Designing fallback driving strategies for system degradation
- Ensuring fail-safe trajectories are physically achievable
- Validating integration of third-party autonomy software stacks
Module 11: Certification, Audits, and Industry Best Practices - Preparing for functional safety assessment and certification
- Understanding the role of notified bodies and independent assessors
- Compiling a safety case: goals, evidence, and conclusions
- Structuring the safety report for audit readiness
- Responding to assessor queries and findings
- Addressing common audit deficiencies and misconceptions
- Learning from real-world certification experiences
- Using benchmarking data from certified OEM implementations
- Aligning with UNECE WP.29 and type approval requirements
- Integrating functional safety into product development processes
- Adopting scalable safety practices for agile development
- Ensuring compliance with regional regulatory expectations
- Using safety maturity models to improve organisational capability
- Leveraging lessons from Tesla, Waymo, and leading OEMs
- Balancing innovation speed with safety rigour
- Managing outsourced safety development with clear contracts
- Communicating safety status to executives and investors
- Demonstrating due diligence in safety engineering
- Ensuring long-term maintainability of safety documentation
- Establishing continuous improvement processes for functional safety
Module 12: Capstone Project and Certification Preparation - Overview of the capstone project: building a full safety case
- Selecting an autonomy function (e.g., automated lane change, AEB)
- Developing item definition and ODD documentation
- Conducting a complete HARA with ASIL assignments
- Deriving functional safety requirements and allocating to components
- Creating technical safety requirements with safety mechanisms
- Designing system architecture with fault-tolerant features
- Developing software safety strategies for key modules
- Constructing a hardware FMEDA for a sample ECU
- Planning verification and validation activities
- Integrating SOTIF considerations for unknown hazards
- Preparing confirmation measures for deployment
- Compiling the full safety dossier for review
- Applying industry templates and checklists
- Submitting for internal evaluation and feedback
- Refining the project based on expert guidance
- Demonstrating 100% traceability across safety lifecycle
- Gaining confidence in presenting safety work to leadership
- Preparing for technical interviews and safety-focused roles
- Earning your Certificate of Completion issued by The Art of Service
- Designing end-to-end functional safety for L3+ systems
- Integrating safety across perception, planning, and control
- Ensuring consistency between safety goals and system behaviour
- Using centralised vs. decentralised safety monitoring
- Implementing safety supervisors and guardians at multiple levels
- Designing state transition logic for safe mode changes
- Handling handover scenarios in conditional automation
- Ensuring driver monitoring system (DMS) reliability and availability
- Integrating vehicle-to-everything (V2X) into safety logic
- Managing cyber-physical interactions in connected autonomy
- Designing safe trajectories under uncertain conditions
- Validating safe stopping area detection and execution
- Integrating map and HD map integrity into safety decisions
- Ensuring time synchronisation across safety-critical nodes
- Handling communication delays and packet loss in safety loops
- Using distributed safety budgets across domains
- Monitoring communication channels for availability and integrity
- Designing fallback driving strategies for system degradation
- Ensuring fail-safe trajectories are physically achievable
- Validating integration of third-party autonomy software stacks
Module 11: Certification, Audits, and Industry Best Practices - Preparing for functional safety assessment and certification
- Understanding the role of notified bodies and independent assessors
- Compiling a safety case: goals, evidence, and conclusions
- Structuring the safety report for audit readiness
- Responding to assessor queries and findings
- Addressing common audit deficiencies and misconceptions
- Learning from real-world certification experiences
- Using benchmarking data from certified OEM implementations
- Aligning with UNECE WP.29 and type approval requirements
- Integrating functional safety into product development processes
- Adopting scalable safety practices for agile development
- Ensuring compliance with regional regulatory expectations
- Using safety maturity models to improve organisational capability
- Leveraging lessons from Tesla, Waymo, and leading OEMs
- Balancing innovation speed with safety rigour
- Managing outsourced safety development with clear contracts
- Communicating safety status to executives and investors
- Demonstrating due diligence in safety engineering
- Ensuring long-term maintainability of safety documentation
- Establishing continuous improvement processes for functional safety
Module 12: Capstone Project and Certification Preparation - Overview of the capstone project: building a full safety case
- Selecting an autonomy function (e.g., automated lane change, AEB)
- Developing item definition and ODD documentation
- Conducting a complete HARA with ASIL assignments
- Deriving functional safety requirements and allocating to components
- Creating technical safety requirements with safety mechanisms
- Designing system architecture with fault-tolerant features
- Developing software safety strategies for key modules
- Constructing a hardware FMEDA for a sample ECU
- Planning verification and validation activities
- Integrating SOTIF considerations for unknown hazards
- Preparing confirmation measures for deployment
- Compiling the full safety dossier for review
- Applying industry templates and checklists
- Submitting for internal evaluation and feedback
- Refining the project based on expert guidance
- Demonstrating 100% traceability across safety lifecycle
- Gaining confidence in presenting safety work to leadership
- Preparing for technical interviews and safety-focused roles
- Earning your Certificate of Completion issued by The Art of Service
- Overview of the capstone project: building a full safety case
- Selecting an autonomy function (e.g., automated lane change, AEB)
- Developing item definition and ODD documentation
- Conducting a complete HARA with ASIL assignments
- Deriving functional safety requirements and allocating to components
- Creating technical safety requirements with safety mechanisms
- Designing system architecture with fault-tolerant features
- Developing software safety strategies for key modules
- Constructing a hardware FMEDA for a sample ECU
- Planning verification and validation activities
- Integrating SOTIF considerations for unknown hazards
- Preparing confirmation measures for deployment
- Compiling the full safety dossier for review
- Applying industry templates and checklists
- Submitting for internal evaluation and feedback
- Refining the project based on expert guidance
- Demonstrating 100% traceability across safety lifecycle
- Gaining confidence in presenting safety work to leadership
- Preparing for technical interviews and safety-focused roles
- Earning your Certificate of Completion issued by The Art of Service